Menua dengan Bermakna, Mendampingi dengan Bijaksana: Pendekatan Integratif Konseling Pribadi dan Sosial untuk Lansia di Indonesia
Keywords:
Konseling Lansia, Psikologi, Bimbingan dan KonselingSynopsis
Indonesia sedang menua — dan belum siap menghadapinya.
Pada 2045, satu dari lima penduduk Indonesia akan berusia 60 tahun ke atas. Namun di balik angka itu tersimpan realitas yang jarang dibicarakan: jutaan lansia hidup dalam kesepian mendalam, depresi yang tidak terdiagnosis, dan kehilangan makna hidup — sementara lebih dari 90 persen tidak pernah mendapat bantuan profesional.
Buku ini hadir sebagai respons terhadap krisis yang tersembunyi itu.
Menua dengan Bermakna, Mendampingi dengan Bijaksana menyajikan pendekatan konseling lansia yang integratif dan kontekstual untuk Indonesia. Dibangun di atas Model Bio-Psiko-Sosio-Spiritual-Kultural (BPSSK), buku ini memandu pembaca memahami penuaan secara holistik — dari perubahan biologis dan kognitif, dinamika keluarga, hingga pencarian makna di usia senja. Berbagai modalitas terapi berbasis bukti dibahas secara praktis: Life Review Therapy, Logoterapi, CBT, ACT, Narrative Therapy, hingga konseling demensia dan pendampingan akhir hayat.
Yang membedakan buku ini adalah integrasinya dengan kearifan lokal. Nrimo, gotong royong, musyawarah, Tri Hita Karana, dan siri' na pacce bukan sekadar latar budaya — melainkan sumber daya terapeutik yang nyata dan kuat.
Ditulis untuk konselor, psikolog, pekerja sosial, tenaga kesehatan, mahasiswa, dan siapa pun yang mendampingi lansia, buku ini menjembatani teori dan praktik dengan bahasa yang jernih, protokol yang dapat langsung diterapkan, dan vignette klinis yang membumikan konsep ke dalam kehidupan nyata.
"Menua adalah kepastian. Menua dengan bermakna adalah pilihan — dan pilihan itu membutuhkan pendampingan yang tepat."
References
Ackerman, S. J., & Hilsenroth, M. J. (2003). A review of therapist characteristics and techniques positively impacting the therapeutic alliance. Clinical Psychology Review, 23(1), 1–33.
Alonso-Fernndez, M., Lpez-Lpez, A., Losada, A., Gonzlez, J. L., Romero-Moreno, R., & Cigarfn, M. (2017). Acceptance and commitment therapy for older adults with chronic pain: A pilot study. Clinical Gerontologist, 40(3), 232-247.
Alzheimer Indonesia. (2019). Alzheimer & demensia. Retrieved from https://alzi.or.id/alzheimer-demensia/
American Psychological Association. (2014). Guidelines for psychological practice with older adults. American Psychologist, 69(1), 34-65.
Andreescu, C., & Reynolds, C. F. (2011). Late-life depression: Evidence-based treatment and promising new directions for research and clinical practice. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 34(2), 335–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2011.02.005
Areán, P. A., & Cook, B. L. (2002). Psychotherapy and combined psychotherapy/pharmacotherapy for late life depression. Biological Psychiatry, 52(3), 293–303.
Association for Adult Development and Aging. (2023). Gerontological counseling competencies. American Counseling Association.
Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (Bappenas) & Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). (2023). Proyeksi penduduk Indonesia 2020–2050. Jakarta: Bappenas & BPS.
Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (Bappenas), Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), & United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). (2018). Proyeksi penduduk Indonesia 2015–2045. Jakarta: Bappenas, BPS, UNFPA.
Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). (2021). Proyeksi penduduk Indonesia menurut kelompok umur 2020–2050. Jakarta: BPS.
Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). (2024). Statistik penduduk lanjut usia 2024. Jakarta: BPS. Diakses dari https://www.bps.go.id
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2019). Statistik penduduk lanjut usia 2019. Jakarta: BPS.
Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press.
Benek-Higgins, M., McReynolds, C. J., Hogan, E., & Savickas, S. (2008). Depression in later life: Implications for counselors. Journal of Counseling & Development, 86(2), 131-136.
Bohlmeijer, E. T., Smit, F., & Cuijpers, P. (2003). Effects of reminiscence and life review on late-life depression: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(12), 1088-1094. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.1018
Breitbart, W., Rosenfeld, B., Gibson, C., Pessin, H., Poppito, S., Nelson, C., ... & Olden, M. (2010). Meaning-centered group psychotherapy for patients with advanced cancer: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Psycho-Oncology, 19(1), 21-28. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.1556
Butler, A. C., Chapman, J. E., Forman, E. M., & Beck, A. T. (2006). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(1), 17-31.
Butler, R. N. (1963). The life review: An interpretation of reminiscence in the aged. Psychiatry, 26(1), 65-76. https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.1963.11023339
Butler, R. N. (1974). Successful aging and the role of the life review. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 22(12), 529-535. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1974.tb04823.x
Chochinov, H. M., Hack, T., Hassard, T., Kristjanson, L. J., McClement, S., & Harlos, M. (2005). Dignity therapy: A novel psychotherapeutic intervention for patients near the end of life. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 23(24), 5520-5525.
Chochinov, H. M., Kristjanson, L. J., Breitbart, W., McClement, S., Hack, T. F., Hassard, T., & Harlos, M. (2011). Effect of dignity therapy on distress and end-of-life experience in terminally ill patients: A randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Oncology, 12(8), 753-762.
Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs. (2024). 2024 CACREP Standards. Alexandria, VA: Author.
Currier, J. M., Neimeyer, R. A., & Berman, J. S. (2008). The effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions for bereaved persons: A comprehensive quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 134(5), 648-661.
Dickson, S. L., Johnco, C. J., Seaton, A., & Laidlaw, K. (2025). A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic remission, treatment response, attrition and relapse following cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety disorders in older adults. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 33(6), 603-617.
Doering, B. K., & Eisma, M. C. (2016). Treatment for complicated grief: State of the science and ways forward. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 29(5), 286-291.
Eisma, M. C., Boelen, P. A., van den Bout, J., Stroebe, W., Schut, H. A., Lancee, J., & Stroebe, M. S. (2015). Internet-based exposure and behavioral activation for complicated grief and rumination: A randomized controlled trial. Behavior Therapy, 46(6), 729-748.
Engel, G. L. (1977). The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine. Science, 196(4286), 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.847460
Erby, L. H., Roter, D., Larson, S., & Cho, J. (2008). The rapid estimate of adult literacy in genetics (REALGENE): A six-item screening tool for genetics clinics. Genetics in Medicine, 10(2), 134-140.
Erikson, E. H. (1950). Childhood and society. New York: W. W. Norton.
Erikson, E. H. (1982). The life cycle completed. New York: Norton.
Erikson, E. H. (1982). The life cycle completed. New York: W. W. Norton.
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). "Mini-mental state": A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12(3), 189-198.
Franceschi, C., & Campisi, J. (2014). Chronic inflammation (inflammaging) and its potential contribution to age-associated diseases. The Journals of Gerontology Series A, 69(Suppl 1), S4–S9. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glu057
Frankl, V. E. (1946/2006). Man's search for meaning. Boston: Beacon Press.
Frankl, V. E. (1967). Psychotherapy and existentialism: Selected papers on logotherapy. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Fullen, M. C. (2016). Counseling for wellness with older adults. Adultspan Journal, 15(2), 109-123.
Gallagher-Thompson, D., Arean, P., Rivera, P., & Thompson, L. W. (2001). A psychoeducational intervention to reduce distress in Hispanic family caregivers: Results of a pilot study. Clinical Gerontologist, 23(1-2), 17–32. https://doi.org/10.1300/J018v23n01_03
Haight, B. K., & Webster, J. D. (Eds.). (1995). The art and science of reminiscing: Theory, research, methods, and applications. Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis.
Hakim, L. N. (2020). Urgensi revisi Undang-Undang tentang kesejahteraan lanjut usia. Aspirasi: Jurnal Masalah-Masalah Sosial, 11(1), 45-62.
Hall, G. C., Ibaraki, A. Y., Huang, E. R., Marti, C. N., & Stice, E. (2016). A meta-analysis of cultural adaptations of psychological interventions. Behavior Therapy, 47(6), 993–1014.
Hall, G. C., Ibaraki, A. Y., Huang, E. R., Marti, C. N., & Stice, E. (2016). A meta-analysis of cultural adaptations of psychological interventions. Behavior Therapy, 47(6), 993–1014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2016.09.005
Harada, C. N., Natelson Love, M. C., & Triebel, K. L. (2013). Normal cognitive aging. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 29(4), 737–752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2013.07.002
Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (2011). Acceptance and commitment therapy: The process and practice of mindful change (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
Hays, P. A. (2016). Addressing cultural complexities in practice: Assessment, diagnosis, and therapy (3rd ed.). American Psychological Association.
Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., Baker, M., Harris, T., & Stephenson, D. (2015). Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: A meta-analytic review. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(2), 227–237. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614568352
Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., Baker, M., Harris, T., & Stephenson, D. (2015). Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: A meta-analytic review. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(2), 227–237. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614568352
Huang, K., Liang, X., Zhang, M., Chen, J., Luo, Z., Zhang, C., & Hu, J. (2022). Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in older adults with insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Australasian Psychiatry, 30(5), 592-597.
Husein, N., Lumempouw, S., Ramli, Y., & Herqutanto. (2010). Uji validitas dan reliabilitas Montreal Cognitive Assessment versi Indonesia (MoCA-Ina) untuk skrining gangguan fungsi kognitif. Neurona, 27(4), 15-21.
Hyer, L., & Intrieri, R. C. (2006). Geropsychological interventions in long-term care. New York: Springer.
Jatman, D. (2021). Psikologi Jawa: Konseptualisasi Kawruh Jiwa Suryomentaram (Edisi revisi). Yogyakarta: Rua Aksara.
Johannsen, M., Damholdt, M. F., Zachariae, R., Lundorff, M., Farver-Vestergaard, I., & O'Connor, M. (2019). Psychological interventions for grief in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Affective Disorders, 253, 69-86.
Kao, H. S., & Lam, M. (2010). The effectiveness of a culturally adapted reminiscence intervention on well-being of Chinese older adults. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 53(1), 47–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/01634370903361482
Karel, M. J., Gatz, M., & Smyer, M. A. (2012). Aging and mental health in the decade ahead: What psychologists need to know. American Psychologist, 67(3), 184-198.
Katz, S., Ford, A. B., Moskowitz, R. W., Jackson, B. A., & Jaffe, M. W. (1963). Studies of illness in the aged: The Index of ADL, a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. JAMA, 185(12), 914-919.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2018). Laporan Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2018. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2020). Profil kesehatan Indonesia 2019. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2024). Pada 2045, ada 65,82 juta jiwa lansia di Indonesia. Media Indonesia. Diakses dari https://mediaindonesia.com/humaniora/778494/pada-2045-ada-6582-juta-jiwa-lansia-di-indonesia
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2024). Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Pembangunan Manusia dan Kebudayaan. (2021). Peraturan Presiden Nomor 88 Tahun 2021 tentang Strategi Nasional Kelanjutusiaan. Jakarta: Kemenko PMK.
Kementerian Sosial Republik Indonesia. (2020). Data lansia terlantar dan panti sosial tresna werdha. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Rehabilitasi Sosial.
Kholik, A., & Himam, F. (2015). Konsep psikoterapi Kawruh Jiwa Ki Ageng Suryomentaram. Jurnal Psikologi, 35(1), 62–79.
Klass, D., Silverman, P. R., & Nickman, S. L. (Eds.). (1996). Continuing bonds: New understandings of grief. Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis.
Knight, B. G., & Laidlaw, K. (2009). Translational theory: A wisdom-based model for psychological interventions to enhance well-being in later life. In V. L. Bengtson et al. (Eds.), Handbook of theories of aging (2nd ed., pp. 693–705). New York: Springer.
Knight, B. G., & Pachana, N. A. (2015). Psychological assessment and therapy with older adults. Oxford University Press.
Koenig, H. G. (2012). Religion, spirituality, and health: The research and clinical implications. ISRN Psychiatry, 2012, 278730. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/278730
Krishna, M., Lepping, P., Puri, S., Jones, J., & Laidlaw, K. (2022). A meta-analysis of CBT efficacy for depression comparing adults and older adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 318, 370-378.
Kristanti, M. S., Setiyarini, S., & Effendy, C. (2022). Prevalence of loneliness and associated factors among community-dwelling older adults in Indonesia: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(8), 4911. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084911
Kristanti, M. S., Setiyarini, S., & Effendy, C. (2022). Prevalence of loneliness and associated factors among community-dwelling older adults in Indonesia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(8), 4911. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084911
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606-613.
Kübler-Ross, E. (1969). On death and dying. New York: Macmillan.
Laidlaw, K., & Pachana, N. A. (2009). Aging, mental health, and demographic change: Challenges for psychotherapists. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 40(6), 601-608.
Laidlaw, K., Thompson, L. W., Dick-Siskin, L., & Gallagher-Thompson, D. (2003). Cognitive behaviour therapy with older people. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
Laidlaw, K., Thompson, L. W., Dick-Siskin, L., & Gallagher-Thompson, D. (2003). Cognitive behaviour therapy with older people. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
Lawton, M. P., & Brody, E. M. (1969). Assessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. The Gerontologist, 9(3), 179-186.
Leung, P., Cheung, M., & Tsui, V. (2008). Help-seeking behaviors among Chinese Americans with depressive symptoms. Social Work, 53(2), 135-144.
Lubben, J. E. (1988). Assessing social networks among elderly populations. Family & Community Health, 11(3), 42-52.
Lundorff, M., Holmgren, H., Zachariae, R., Farver-Vestergaard, I., & O'Connor, M. (2017). Prevalence of prolonged grief disorder in adult bereavement: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 212, 138-149.
Maples, M. F., Packman, J., Abney, P., Daugherty, R. F., Casey, J. A., & Pirtle, L. (2005). Suicide by elderly individuals: A review of the literature. Adultspan Journal, 4(2), 68-81.
McClement, S., Chochinov, H. M., Hack, T., Hassard, T., Kristjanson, L. J., & Harlos, M. (2007). Dignity therapy: Family member perspectives. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 10(5), 1076-1082.
McCracken, L. M., & Vowles, K. E. (2014). Acceptance and commitment therapy and mindfulness for chronic pain: Model, process, and progress. American Psychologist, 69(2), 178-187.
Molinari, V. (Ed.). (2000). Professional psychology in long term care: A comprehensive guide. Hatherleigh Press.
Nasreddine, Z. S., Phillips, N. A., Bédirian, V., et al. (2005). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53(4), 695-699.
Ngandu, T., Lehtisalo, J., Solomon, A., et al. (2015). A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER). The Lancet, 385(9984), 2255–2263. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60461-5
Noviana, R., Sulistyowati, M., & Wahyuni, E. D. (2021). Efektivitas program Posyandu Lansia berbasis gotong royong terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis lansia di Yogyakarta. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 16(2), 112–120.
Pachana, N. A., & Laidlaw, K. (2014). The Oxford handbook of clinical geropsychology. Oxford University Press.
Pargament, K. I., Koenig, H. G., & Perez, L. M. (2000). The many methods of religious coping: Development and initial validation of the RCOPE. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56(4), 519-543.
Pargament, K. I., Koenig, H. G., Tarakeshwar, N., & Hahn, J. (2004). Religious coping methods as predictors of psychological, physical and spiritual outcomes among medically ill elderly patients. Journal of Health Psychology, 9(6), 713–730. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105304045366
Park, D. C., & Bischof, G. N. (2013). The aging mind: Neuroplasticity in response to cognitive training. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 15(1), 109–119. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2013.15.1/dpark
Pinquart, M., & Forstmeier, S. (2012). Effects of reminiscence interventions on psychosocial outcomes: A meta-analysis. Aging & Mental Health, 16(5), 541-558. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2011.651434
Pinquart, M., & Sörensen, S. (2001). How effective are psychotherapeutic and other psychosocial interventions with older adults? A meta-analysis. Journal of Mental Health and Aging, 7(2), 207–243.
Podsiadlo, D., & Richardson, S. (1991). The Timed "Up & Go": A test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 39(2), 142-148.
Qualls, S. H., & Kasl-Godley, J. E. (2011). End-of-life issues, grief, and bereavement: What clinicians need to know. Wiley.
Qualls, S. H., & Knight, B. G. (Eds.). (2006). Psychotherapy for depression in older adults. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Rambe, A. S., & Fitri, F. I. (2017). Correlation between the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Indonesian Version (MoCA-INA) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in elderly. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 5(7), 915-919.
Republik Indonesia. (1998). Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 1998 tentang Kesejahteraan Lanjut Usia. Jakarta: Sekretariat Negara.
Republik Indonesia. (2014). Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2014 tentang Kesehatan Jiwa. Jakarta: Sekretariat Negara.
Rismawaty, Opitasari, C., & Ismail, D. (2021). Determinants of cognitive impairment among the elderly in Indonesia. Jurnal Berkala Kesehatan, 7(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.20527/jbk.v7i1.9786
Rudilla, D., Oliver, A., Galiana, L., & Barreto, P. (2020). Dignity therapy helps terminally ill patients maintain a sense of peace: Early results of a randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1468.
Rumah Sakit Akademik UGM. (2024, May 29). Mengenal demensia: Jangan maklum dengan pikun. Retrieved from https://rsa.ugm.ac.id/mengenal-demensia-jangan-maklum-dengan-pikun/
Schulenberg, S. E., Hutzell, R. R., Nassif, C., & Rogina, J. M. (2008). Logotherapy for clinical practice. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 45(4), 447-463. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014331
Scogin, F., & Shah, A. (2012). Making evidence-based psychological treatments work with older adults. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Serrano, J. P., Latorre, J. M., Gatz, M., & Montanes, J. (2004). Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology. Psychology and Aging, 19(2), 272-277. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.19.2.272
Sheikh, J. I., & Yesavage, J. A. (1986). Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): Recent evidence and development of a shorter version. Clinical Gerontologist, 5(1-2), 165-173.
Smith, T. B., Rodríguez, M. D., & Bernal, G. (2011). Culture. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67(2), 166–175. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20757
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092-1097.
Stroebe, M., & Schut, H. (1999). The dual process model of coping with bereavement: Rationale and description. Death Studies, 23(3), 197-224.
Sugiarto, R. (2015). Psikologi raos: Saintifikasi Kawruh Jiwa Ki Ageng Suryomentaram. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Ifada.
Sulistyowati, M., Noviana, R., & Pratiwi, A. (2020). Pengaruh group intervention berbasis gotong royong terhadap kesepian lansia. Indonesian Journal of Community Health Nursing, 5(1), 23–30.
Teri, L., Logsdon, R. G., Uomoto, J., & McCurry, S. M. (1997). Behavioral treatment of depression in dementia patients: A controlled clinical trial. The Journals of Gerontology Series B, 52B(4), P159–P166.
The WHOQOL Group. (1998). Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment. Psychological Medicine, 28(3), 551-558.
United Nations. (1991). United Nations Principles for Older Persons. New York: UN General Assembly.
United Nations. (2002). Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing. New York: United Nations.
Van Citters, A. D., & Bartels, S. J. (2004). A systematic review of the effectiveness of community-based mental health outreach services for older adults. Psychiatric Services, 55(11), 1237-1249.
van Solinge, H., & Henkens, K. (2008). Adjustment to and satisfaction with retirement: Two of a kind? Psychology and Aging, 23(2), 422–434. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.23.2.422
Wesnawa, I. G. A. (2015). Konsep Tri Hita Karana dalam kehidupan masyarakat Bali. Jurnal Kajian Bali, 5(1), 1–14.
Westerhof, G. J., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2014). Celebrating fifty years of research and applications in reminiscence and life review. Journal of Aging Studies, 29, 107–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2014.02.003
Westerhof, G. J., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2014). Celebrating fifty years of research and applications in reminiscence and life review. Journal of Aging Studies, 29, 107–114.
Westerhof, G. J., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2014). Celebrating fifty years of research and applications in reminiscence and life review: State of the art and new directions. Journal of Aging Studies, 29, 107-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2014.02.003
Wetherell, J. L., Afari, N., Rutledge, T., Sorrell, J. T., Stoddard, J. A., Petkus, A. J., & Atkinson, J. H. (2016). Age moderates response to acceptance and commitment therapy vs. cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 31(3), 302-308.
Wilson, K., Mottram, P. G., & Vassilas, C. A. (2008). Psychotherapeutic treatments for older depressed people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (1), CD004853.
Wong, P. T. (2011). Positive psychology 2.0: Towards a balanced interactive model of the good life. Canadian Psychology, 52(2), 69-81. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022511
Worden, J. W. (2018). Grief counseling and grief therapy: A handbook for the mental health practitioner (5th ed.). New York: Springer Publishing Company.
World Bank. (2024). World development indicators: Indonesia. Diakses dari https://data.worldbank.org
World Health Organization (WHO). (2018). Mental health atlas 2017. Geneva: WHO.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2019). Suicide rates by age and country, 2019. Global Health Observatory data repository. Geneva: WHO.
World Health Organization. (2015). World report on ageing and health. Geneva: WHO.
World Health Organization. (2017). Mental health of older adults. Geneva: WHO.
World Health Organization. (2020). Decade of healthy ageing: Baseline report. Geneva: WHO.
World Health Organization. (2020). mhGAP training manuals for the mhGAP intervention guide for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in non-specialized health settings (Version 2.0). WHO.
Ye, L., Li, Y., Deng, Q., Zhao, X., Zhong, L., & Yang, L. (2024). Acceptance and commitment therapy for patients with chronic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis on psychological outcomes and quality of life. PLOS ONE, 19(6), e0301226.
Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., et al. (1983). Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17(1), 37-49.
Zarit, S. H., & Zarit, J. M. (2011). Mental disorders in older adults: Fundamentals of assessment and treatment (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
Zhang, J., Peng, J., Gao, P., Huang, H., Cao, Y., Zheng, L., & Miao, D. (2019). Relationship between meaning in life and death anxiety in the elderly: Self-esteem as a mediator. BMC Geriatrics, 19, Article 308. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1316-7
Zhou, L., Chen, M., Su, H., Cheung, D. S. K., & Sit, J. W. H. (2025). Effects of acceptance and commitment therapy plus exercise for older adults with chronic low back pain: A preliminary cluster randomized controlled trial with qualitative interviews. The Journal of Pain, 26(5), Article 104572.
Published
September 8, 2026
Categories
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Alief Budiyono, M.Pd.
